Roman Isle of Wight

History

The Romans knew the Isle of Wight as Vectis and occupied it from around AD 43 as part of the broader conquest of Britain. The island was conquered by the Second Legion Augusta, commanded by the future emperor Vespasian, who took the Isle of Wight during his campaign across southern England.

Brading Roman Villa is the island's most significant Roman site, containing some of the finest mosaic floors in Britain. The villa was a substantial country house with heated rooms, bath suites and elaborate decoration. The mosaics, dating from the fourth century, depict scenes from Roman mythology, including Orpheus and a famous cockheaded man figure that remains unexplained. The site is open to visitors and has an excellent museum.

Newport Roman Villa, discovered in 1926, was another substantial rural estate. It is smaller than Brading but well preserved, with reconstructed rooms showing how Roman life was lived on the island. The villa had its own bath house and underfloor heating.

Roman roads crossed the island, and artefacts have been found at numerous locations. Pottery, coins and building materials indicate widespread settlement. The Romans appear to have valued the island for agriculture, with the villa estates managing farming operations.

The Roman period on the Isle of Wight lasted approximately four centuries, ending in the early fifth century as Roman administration withdrew from Britain. The villas appear to have declined gradually rather than being destroyed. Archaeological work continues to reveal new evidence of Roman occupation.